● Think hard about why you might want to do a Ph.D.
想清楚為什么要讀博士。

● Can be a lot of fun, and open many doors.
讀博士趣味多并且能為您廣開門路。
● Do exciting research
可以做激動(dòng)人心的研究。
● Learn new things
學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)。

● But, it is not for everyone:
但并非所有人都適合讀博士：

● Very unstructured
沒有嚴(yán)格的課程設(shè)置
● Can be quite long (5+ years typical)
耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)（通常要讀5年以上）
● Work is often boring: Running experiments, publishing papers, taking classes
工作通常很乏味：做實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)表論文，上課。
● Lots of competition
競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈。
● Disconnected from reality
缺乏與現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)的聯(lián)系。
● Low pay
薪水低。
● Ph.D does not guarantee a better job or salary
讀博士不能確保好的工作或高薪。

Overview of the process
錄取程序綜述

● Most grad school applications due in December/January
大多數(shù)研究生院申請(qǐng)截止于十二月份和來年一月份。
● Admissions committees meet in the early spring (March)
錄取委員會(huì)成員早春時(shí)候（三月）開會(huì)討論。
● Decisions mailed out late March-early April
通知書將于三月底四月初郵寄出去。
● Note: Different schools have different dates – no news is good news
注意：不同的學(xué)校有不同的時(shí)間安排，沒有消息就是好消息。

Expectations
期望

● What are admissions committees looking for?
錄取委員會(huì)想錄取什么樣的人？
● One thing only: Talented students that will be able to do research.
只有一點(diǎn)：有才干，能做好研究的學(xué)生。
● In the end, nothing else (really) matters.
除此之外，其他的（真的）不重要。
● It does not matter if you have a 4.0 GPA, 99th percentile on all GREs, etc.
就算你GPA達(dá)到4.0，GRE幾近滿分等等也無所謂。
● GPA, GREs, etc. only used as indicators of potential – nothing more.
GPA和GRE等等的成績(jī)僅作為評(píng)估你潛力的指標(biāo)，僅此而已。

The Prof's Point of View
教授的觀點(diǎn)

● Every member of the admissions committee is given a huge stack of folders to read. (Dozens to hundreds)
每位錄取委員要審閱大堆的資料。（數(shù)十到數(shù)百份）
● Goal is to find the very few folders that stand out, and should be looked at more carefully.
目的是從中選極少數(shù)優(yōu)秀的資料以更加認(rèn)真審閱。
● This number will be quite small
這些優(yōu)秀的資料非常少。
● These folders are then pushed to the next level
接下來，這些優(yōu)秀申請(qǐng)材料會(huì)進(jìn)入下一環(huán)節(jié)的審閱。
● Usually a committee meeting
審閱形式通常是委員開會(huì)討論。
● ALL folders must pass quality check in the final committee meeting.
所有申請(qǐng)資料都要通過錄取委員會(huì)最終會(huì)議的質(zhì)檢方可視為合格。

The application
關(guān)于申請(qǐng)

● Application to grad school consists of several parts, which come from different places.
研究生申請(qǐng)書由以下幾部分構(gòu)成，
● 1) General information about yourself: application form
個(gè)人基本信息（申請(qǐng)表/網(wǎng)申表）
● 2) Transcript and grade point average (GPA)
成績(jī)單及平均分（GPA）
● 3) GRE scores
GRE分?jǐn)?shù)
● 4) Letters of recommendation (usually three required)
推薦信（通常需要三份）
● 5) Personal statement
個(gè)人陳述
● 6) Anything else you mail in as part of your app
其他任何你作為申請(qǐng)材料的一部分郵寄過來的文件。
（萬極咨詢注：這一篇的作者于2006年退出錄取委員會(huì)，所以這一信息已經(jīng)過時(shí)了?，F(xiàn)在包括哈佛在內(nèi)的很多美國(guó)一流大學(xué)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了100%的網(wǎng)申，即所有申請(qǐng)材料在網(wǎng)申系統(tǒng)里提交。學(xué)校不再接受任何郵寄的材料。）
● We'll talk about this later
這個(gè)我們后面再詳細(xì)討論。

Basic evaluation process
評(píng)估的基本過程

● Ideally, we want to see research experience.
理論上，我們希望看到您的科研經(jīng)歷。
● But, not many undergrads have research experience.
但很多本科生不具有科研經(jīng)歷。
How to evaluate?
怎么評(píng)估呢？
● Grades and GRE scores only a (weak) indication of potential
成績(jī)單和GRE成績(jī)僅是一個(gè)（較弱的）潛力評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。
● Grades: Like to see 3.5 GPA or higher (87.5%)
平均分最好達(dá)到3.5甚至更高。
● GRE: Like to see 90th percentile or higher
GRE成績(jī)最好達(dá)到90分（百分制）以上，越高越好。
● Many, many applicants have 3.8+ GPA and 95th+ GREs
很多學(xué)生的平均分都能達(dá)到3.8以上且GRE達(dá)到95分（百分制）以上。
● These are not hard cutoffs!
這些都不是硬性的分?jǐn)?shù)線。
● Letters count a lot – probably most important thing
推薦信才是重要的，也可以說是最重要的。
（萬極咨詢注：此觀點(diǎn)僅為此作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。也有其他錄取委員會(huì)并不看重推薦信）

Establishing relationships
建立關(guān)系

● Grad schools want students who can do research.
研究生院需要能做研究的學(xué)生。
The best way to demonstrate this is ... well, do some research.
證明自己的研究能力的最好方法就是——親身去做一些研究。
● Need to get started early: research takes a while to get rolling
要做研究得早開始：研究通常需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間啟動(dòng)。
● Goal is to get a good recommendation letter when you graduate!
做研究的目的就是當(dāng)你畢業(yè)的時(shí)候能拿到一封很好的推薦信。
● It is a lot less important whether your research is a “success”
你的研究是否有成果并不重要。
● You do not need to publish a paper as an undergrad.
作為一個(gè)本科生，你并不一定需要發(fā)表論文。
● Publishing a paper can help ... but only if it is a good paper!
發(fā)表論文當(dāng)然有幫助，但必須是好的論文。

Priming your letter writers
準(zhǔn)備你的推薦人

● To write a good letter, a prof needs to know a lot about you
要寫一封好的推薦信，你的教授需要深入了解你。
● I strongly recommend meeting with your letter writers before asking them to write a letter.
我強(qiáng)烈建議在要求推薦人為你寫推薦信之前和他們當(dāng)面討論。
● If they are on your team, they will do a better job when they actually write it.
如果你的推薦人跟你是同一研究組，他們會(huì)寫出更好的推薦信。
● You also need to get a read on your chances of a good letter.
你也需要評(píng)估你獲得好的推薦信的可能性。
● Need to ask directly, “Can you write a strong letter for me?”
可以直接問推薦人：“你能為我寫一封有力的推薦信嗎？
● Keep in mind that most profs are overloaded with letters to write.
記住，大多數(shù)教授都有非常多的推薦信要去寫。
● Give them a packet with everything they need. Don't ask them to hunt it down.
把他們所需要的資料放在一個(gè)文件包里給他們，別讓他們自己去找各種信息。

The personal statement
個(gè)人陳述

● I tend to ignore these.
就個(gè)人而言，我通常忽視這一項(xiàng)。
● But, some people read these carefully! So need to do a decent job.
但也有評(píng)審委員會(huì)認(rèn)真審閱個(gè)人陳述！所以要好好準(zhǔn)備。

● Non-goals of the personal statement:
目標(biāo)模糊的個(gè)人陳述

● NOT to tell your life story
不要寫你的人生故事。
● NOT to explain why you want to be a Ph.D student
不要解釋為什么你想讀博士。
（萬極咨詢注：此觀點(diǎn)僅為此作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。很多學(xué)校都會(huì)要求申請(qǐng)人必須寫為什么讀博士）
● NOT to kiss up to the faculty at the school you are applying to
不要拍你所申請(qǐng)學(xué)校的老師的馬屁。
● NOT to explain how you are going to solve the world's problems
不要解釋你打算怎么解決世界問題。

● Better set of goals:
更明確的目標(biāo)

● Outline a single research problem that interests you
列出你所感興趣的科研問題。
● Give background: show you know the area
展示你的相關(guān)背景，證實(shí)你確實(shí)對(duì)這一領(lǐng)域很了解。
● Talk about how you would approach solving the problem.
談?wù)勀愦蛩闳绾谓鉀Q你所感興趣的科研問題。
● Think of this as a “mini project proposal”
把這個(gè)問題當(dāng)成一個(gè)“小的研究項(xiàng)目開題報(bào)告”。
● You will not be held to this project, of course.
當(dāng)然，你不會(huì)真的去做這個(gè)研究。

Other materials
其他材料

● Generally speaking, anything you send in as part of your application will get added to the folder, somehow.
總的來說，任何你作為申請(qǐng)的一部分郵寄來的資料都會(huì)放到文件夾中。
● Although not requested, I usually like to see in a folder:
雖然不是必須的，我通常希望在文件夾中看到關(guān)于以下的內(nèi)容：
● A resume
個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷。
● Any papers that the student has written or published
曾寫過或發(fā)表的論文。
● Don't abuse this. Send additional materials only if you have them.
別亂郵寄資料，如果沒有就不要郵寄。
● Don't send a photograph (unless requested by the school)
別郵寄照片(除非學(xué)校要求)。

Pitfalls to avoid
應(yīng)避免的問題

● Sappy personal statement
個(gè)人陳述繁瑣累贅。
● Any typos or grammatical mistakes anywhere in the application
申請(qǐng)中任何地方的打印和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。
● Weak recommendation letters
說服力差的推薦信。
● An unexplained black mark on your record.
對(duì)檔案中的不良記錄不做解釋。
● Spamming professors
向教授發(fā)垃圾郵件。
● (We all get way too many emails.)
(我們都收到過多的郵件）

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